The 7 instant red flags
1) Menu translated into 4+ languages, with photos. 2) Waiter outside trying to lure you in (real trattorias are full, they don't beg). 3) 'Tourist menu' with antipasto + pasta + dessert for €15 — quality is what you'd expect. 4) Located within 50m of a major monument (Trevi, Pantheon, Colosseum, Vatican, Piazza Navona). 5) Carbonara with cream listed (the real recipe has zero cream). 6) Pizza served 24/7 (Roman pizzerias are evening-only or lunch-only). 7) 'Spaghetti bolognese' on the menu — it doesn't exist in Italy.
Fake 'Italian' dishes that no Roman eats
Spaghetti bolognese (the real ragù is from Bologna and goes with tagliatelle, never spaghetti). Chicken alfredo (invented in the US — Alfredo only exists as a butter-and-parmesan pasta). Garlic bread (not Italian). Caesar salad with Italian flag toothpicks. Carbonara with cream or peas. Pizza with pineapple. Tiramisu in a wine glass with pink sprinkles. Any 'cappuccino' offered after a meal (Italians only drink it before 11 AM).
Real Roman dishes to actually order
Pasta: cacio e pepe (pasta + pecorino + black pepper, only 3 ingredients but technical), carbonara (eggs, guanciale, pecorino, pepper — NO cream, NO bacon), amatriciana (tomato, guanciale, pecorino), gricia (no tomato amatriciana). Mains: saltimbocca alla romana, abbacchio scottadito, coda alla vaccinara, trippa alla romana. Antipasti: carciofi alla giudia (Jewish Ghetto), supplì (fried rice balls), fiori di zucca fritti. Sweet: maritozzo for breakfast.
Neighborhoods where Romans actually eat
Testaccio: the food capital, Mercato di Testaccio for street food, Flavio al Velavevodetto for classic Roman pastas, Da Felice for cacio e pepe (book). Trastevere (off main streets): Da Enzo al 29 (book 2 weeks ahead), Da Teo, Tonnarello, Roma Sparita. Monti: La Carbonara, Fafiuché. Prati (Vatican area): Pizzarium for pizza al taglio (Bonci, world-famous). Pigneto: hipster but real, Pigneto Quarantuno. Garbatella: 100% local zone, no tourists.
Pizza in Rome: thin and crispy ≠ Naples
Roman pizza is THIN and CRISPY (pizza romana), not the puffy Neapolitan style. Two formats: pizza al taglio (rectangular, sold by weight, eat standing — €3–€8 per piece, the gold standard is Bonci's Pizzarium) and pizza tonda (round, evening-only at pizzerie). Don't expect Neapolitan-style margherita in Rome — it's a different product, equally good if you accept what it is.
Coffee, gelato and street food rules
Coffee: order 'un caffè' (you'll get espresso) at the bar. €1.20 standing, €3+ sitting. Don't order cappuccino after lunch — it's a giveaway. Gelato: real gelato is in METAL containers (not piled up in fluorescent mountains), uses seasonal flavors and NEVER neon-blue 'puffo'. Try Otaleg, Fatamorgana, Giolitti, Della Palma. Street food: supplì (rice ball with mozzarella, fried), pizza al taglio, trapizzino (pizza pocket with stew). Skip the kebab joints next to the Colosseum.